Definition Literature / Native definition

Dear Classmates

When we get to read through the holy Qur'an one important thing to consider is the definition literature.
Despite referring to arabic dictionaries to look up the word meanings, Qur'an or the surah itself defines its
words.
We call this type of definition "Native Definition". In this case a word root in a surah can have a
different meaning by the same root appearing in the other one.
The surah broadens the meaning and by investigating existing usages of the root in the whole Qur'an we can
define the meaning more accurately.
Definition literature in Qur'an can be divided into 5 kinds:

1. The Relative clauses(Mosoul):
    In Arabic we have "آلذی" and its derivatives for this purpose
    As an example we can mention the verse " قد افلح المومنون الذین هم فی صلاتهم خاشعون"
    So it defines The believers or "مومنون" as the ones who are humble in their prayer

2. Characterization:
    Another way to define something is to introduce its characteristics
    As an example look at this verse "یحسب ان ماله اخلده" in homaza surah. it define the one who is homaza with
    his or her beliefs; The one who thinks that his money makes him/her everlasting.

3. Contradiction:
    We have another way to define the words; Defining by their opposites. In this manner the picked word can be
    more understood.
    i.e. The verse "ان کتاب الفجار لفی سجین" The question is ok! what is "Sejjin" by reading through surah it states "ان کتاب الابرار لفی علیین"
    so we can define "sejjin" by "Elliein". The second word means elevation on elevation so we conclude sejjin to be descending on
    descending.

4. The concluding verses:
    Some verses act as concluding verses. They can be tracked after classification of the verses in separate groups. They have
    the whole subject of a part in brief and even may add new point after conclusion.
    i.e. In Mojadele surah in verse 22 it talks about special characteristics of a group and in the end it says "اولئک حزب الله" so in the
    conclusion it calls them "Hezbollah ".

5. Uni-directionality or sharing same examples:
    In some cases we face the words that share same examples or in the same direction(lets say "Hagh" or "Batel").
    so the words can be defined so by considering this points.
    i.e. Model 1:
         Assume the surah defines "ابرار" and also "مقربین". These two characters are in the same direction
         or better to say they are in "Hagh" front. so we can use them to define each other.
         Model 2:
         The verse states "الذین یکذبون بیوم الدین". it is the definition of "Mokazzebin" by relative clause. it continues by
         "و ما یکذب به الا کل معتد اثیم" the ones who are "معتد" and "اثیم" only deny it. So "Mokazzeb" and the characters
         mentioned share the same action of denial so they can be used for defining one another.

In this manner we can reach the native definition of the words according to each surah and its usage of different kinds
of definition.